JAMALUDDIN AFGHANI (1838-97)
Introduction :
Allama Jamaluddin Afghani the Pioneer of Pan Islamic thought had a dynamic personality and possessed a sterling character. He was an intellectual giant of high caliber and a powerful personality. In fact he was a versatile genius.
According to Afghani's own statement he was born in 1838 at Asyadabad near Kanar a district of Kabul in Afghanistan.
He was educated in the best possible way and the young Jamaluddin finished his Education in Qur'an,Hadith,Philosophy,Law,Chemistry,Medicine and many other branches of learning.
MUSLIM World and Jamal-ud-din Afghani thought
After his Education ,he visited many Muslim countries and during his visit he was shocked to see the degraded condition of Muslims world. He founded the Muslim's world as a house divided against itself and also came to notice that Muslim countries was a hot bed of intrigues, feuds and conspiracies.
The great and sensitive soul of Allama was much aggrieved at the sorry ,he gave his choices thoughts to the problem of the Muslim's world and planned out a feasible scheme to bring about their revival and reawakening in the Muslim's world about their glorious past and of their glorious future and so gave his life to Muslim's world.
Some thought and believe of allama
*He had immense love for Islam and the Muslims. He analyzed the caused of the Muslims decline and came to the results that the cause of the Muslims decline lay in their disunity and internal feuds.
*He was an arch enemy of imperialism ,colonialism, and imperial exploitation and tried his level best to awaken the Muslims world to the dangerous of colonialism and foreign exploitation.
*He intended to setup a Shura'i Nizam (consultative system).
*He wrote not so many book in spite of his scholarly command of Muslim Theology and Philosophy. His treaties against Materialistic Philosophy i.e. Dahriya which is available in three language is very important.
LIFE activities and Struggle for Muslim Ummah.
*He spent his whole life in movement and struggle only for Muslim Ummah.
*He played a leading role in the revivalist movement of 19th century.
*He was pioneer of Islamic unity i.e. Pan-Islamic thoughts.
*In 1856 C.E. he came to India and after one year went to Saudi Arabia to performed pilgrimage and saw the current Islamic thoughts. On coming back he offered a high position in the in the Government of Afghanistan, but he failed to fit in the machinery of an autocratic rule because of his democratic rule. The results was his banished from his native place.
*Then he came to India but British Government looked upon him as a dangerous figure for the foreign rule.
*He then came to Egypt and associated himself with Al-Azhar University. He gained popularity among students and lecturers alike. His call for Islamic Unity impressed intellectual like Muhammad Abduhu and felt very much attraction towards Islam.
But Ismail Khedive of Egypt considered this activities injurious to the interest of the nation. Hence he was expelled from Egypt in 1879 C.E.
*Afghani against went to India where British Gov. kept him under strict supervision ,but still he wrote pamphlets warning the Muslim against atheism and materialism.
*In 1885 C.E. he went to France and established a center in Paris for
" Promotion of Islam". His pupil Muhammad Abduhu joined him there and the two started a bilingual paper in France & Arabia ,propagate the msg of Afghani the paper gained popularity but the French Gov. got scared and banned it.
*Nasir-ud-din Qachaar ruler of Qachar dynasty of Persia visited France he met Afghani and being impressed by him invited him to Persia and made him Advisor. But soon Gov. of Persia found his thoughts ,mission and activities dangerous for the Persia. Result he expelled from Persia.
*Then he went to London where he was refused to long stay in.
*By the invitation of Czar dynasty of Russia he went to there but soon the same story repeated there too.
*Then he went to Turkey where he acted as the Advisor of the Sultan Abdul Hameed. After sometime differences grew between him and Sultan but before he could be asked to leave Turkey he died in Turkey in 1897 C.E.
Concerns of Afghani :
1. He was a true revolutionary and tried his level best to bring about total revolution following the pure and forceful principles of Islam.
2.He wanted every Muslim to be strong and the Muslims Countries to come out of the clutch of the European pores.
3.He held that the concepts of " Nationalism" was repugnant to Islam.
4.He criticized both "Communalism " and "Capitalism", he held that both the systems were contrary to the Principles of Islam. On the other hand a Gov based on Islam stood for the benefits of all.
5.He wanted the Muslims to Educate themselves and make work in the intellectual field.
6.He wanted the Muslims to take lesson from their history ,when Muslims were firm in their faith as they broke the magical spell of Caesar and Chosroes and opposite lead to the disregarding the teachings of the Qur'an .This is why Afghani could not pull on with any king in any Muslims state.
7.It was he who organized the reform movement in Afghanistan,Iran,Egypt and Turkey and in many other countries.
8.His "Pan -Islamic " movement was a master stroke of policy.
LAST MESSAGE OF AFGHANI FOR THE MUSLIMS:
Now I am in a such a state that neither I am afraid of death nor grieved, I would let you know my last desire- " Gird up your lions for the heroic fight for freedom ,NEVER be afraid of trial & tribulation, arrest or assassination also Never bow before odds."
Thank you.
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